Collaborations – Marine Biology Lab

The RAATD workshop

Posted on March 23, 2017 by Bruno Danis

This week, Bruno Danis is attending the fourth RAATD workshop, hosted at the CESAB (Center for Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity), in Aix-en-Provence. 10 participants from 7 countries are attending the meeting.

The Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) is a multispecies assessment of habitat use of Antarctic meso- and top predators in the Southern Ocean based on existing animal tracking data to identify Areas of Ecological Significance, i.e. regions that are important for foraging to a range of predators and which, consequently, present an important biodiversity. RAATD was initiated by the SCAR Expert Group on Birds and Marine Mammals (EG-BAMM), and provides (i) a greater understanding of fundamental ecosystem processes in the Southern Ocean, (ii) facilitate future projections of predator distributions under varying climate regimes, and (iii) provide input into spatial management planning decisions for management authorities such as the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. The synopsis of multi-predator tracking data will also expose potential gaps of data coverage in regions or seasons that are important but underrepresented, possibly due to biases in the spatial, temporal, or taxonomic distribution of research effort. We have collated all available tracking data by research groups that worked in the Antarctic since the 1990s. We have then establish a preliminary publicly accessible repository of these data. The final publicly available repository will only have the raw data that data holders have agreed to share and will contain data from almost 40 contributors from 12 national Antarctic programs. The dataset contains data on 17 predator species, with more than 3400 individual animals, and more than 2.5 million data points. We will also share the outputs of the project, including filtered and processed versions of these data, and habitat model outputs.

Camille is off to the ACE Expedition

Posted on January 16, 2017 by Bruno Danis

This season 2017, Camille Moreau, PhD student at the Universities of Brussels (ULB) and Dijon, is joining a major Swiss-led research expedition circum-navigating the Antarctic: the ACE (Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition).

In the framework of his PhD project, Camille will take part as a member of the ASCCC (Antarctic Seabed Carbon Capture Change) team gathering scientists from master students to senior scientists. Their research will investigate the importance of sea bed animals in carbon cycling and how climate change will impact these processes in the Southern Ocean.

The project is led by David Barnes, a marine biologist at the British Antarctic Survey and zoology/ecology professor at the University of Cambridge. He took part in the first leg of the expedition, from Cape Town to Hobart. Camille will join the team in Hobart, Tasmania for the second leg of the expedition, a which will take the ship to Punta Arenas, Chile. The team will have the opportunity to visit rarely studied sub-Antarctic islands (Macquarie, Balleny, Scott, Peter the 1^st and Diego Ramirez). They will also carry on researches around the Mertz Glacier in Antarctica.

Collection of benthic organisms using a trawl, investigation of marine debris ashore and use of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) will organise their daily life for the next few weeks.

For more information regarding the expedition and the ASCCC project follow this link or follow their progress on twitter @ACE_Expedition and @asccc_news.

PhD scholarship available at the VUB, Marine Biology Lab, in the framework of the RECTO project

Posted on April 12, 2016 by Bruno Danis

PhD scholarship (4 years) in molecular ecology at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Biology, Marine Biology Lab, Belgium.

We are searching for a highly motivated PhD student that will work on evolution, population genetics and connectivity in Antarctic sea stars utilising a genomics approach (DNA barcoding, microsatellites and next generation sequencing) in the framework of the interdisciplinary project

Refugia and Ecosystem Tolerance in the Southern Ocean (RECTO).

Because of its long history and geographic isolation, the Southern Ocean (SO) provides a natural laboratory for research on evolution and biodiversity. Confronted with fast-paced environmental changes, biota in Antarctic ecosystems are strongly challenged and face three possible outcomes: adaptation, migration or extinction. Past glaciation periods have already forced marine zoobenthos of the SO into refugia, being either ice-free continental shelf areas, the deep sea or sub- or peri- Antarctic regions, followed by recolonization when the ice retreated. In a multidisciplinary approach and involving all major Belgian research groups studying evolution and diversity of SO faunas, RECTO will strive at understanding how such past events have driven diversification and adaptation in different animal groups and how these can be applied as proxies to understand the contemporary situation and predict future scenarios.

The Marine Biology Lab at the VUB specialises in research on molecular ecology of marine fauna from the poles to the tropics and from invertebrates to fishes. In the new collaborative research project RECTO the evolutionary history of Antarctic sea stars will be studied.

More details here: PhD scholarship advertisement

PROTEKER – Quelques moments de la campagne 2015 par Chantal DE RIDDER

Posted on December 8, 2015 by Bruno Danis

Le navire français Marion Dufresne 2 réalise cinq rotations par an au départ de la Réunion. Ces rotations permettent de ravitailler les bases des Terres australes et antarctique françaises (TAAF) dans l’Océan Indien (dont Crozet, Kerguelen et Amsterdam) et d’en assurer la logistique; elles permettent aussi le transport de personnes (notamment celui des scientifiques). Une rotation dure environ 4 semaines. C’est la rotation OP3 qui nous amène aux Kerguelen. (http://www.taaf.fr)

Trajet d’une rotation passant par Crozet, Kerguelen et Amsterdam (taaf_IPEV_00e46)

Départ de La Réunion, le 13/11 à bord du Marion Dufresne

Sa 14 ; di 15 calme. Encore dans les eaux tropicales ; lu 16 – ma 17- me 18 (de plus en plus frais, on passe la convergence subtropicale ; grosse houle … mais rien d’insupportable… Je m’attendais aux pires tempêtes! Entrée progressive dans les 40^èmes rugissants (Les Kerguelen se trouvent à la marge des 50^èmes hurlants … des précisions qui laissent rêveur !)

Me 18/11 : Ile de la Possession (Archipel de Crozet): débarquement en hélicoptère à la base Alfred Faure, on passe la journée sur l’ile, on rejoint Port-Alfred (Baie du Marin, platier du Bollard), pour récolter des patelles (étudiées par E. Poulin, notre collègue chilien). Temps venteux mais soleil magnifique. Curieux, les manchots royaux nous observent de près !

Crozet: récolte de patelles à marée basse (Photos J. Fournier)

Crozet: récolte de patelles à marée basse (Photos J. Fournier)

Crozet: manchots royaux

Ve 20/11 : On reprend la mer- Cap sur Kerguelen. On ne s’ennuie pas à bord… Samedi 21/11 de 9h30 à 11h exposé par le médecin de bord sur les 1ers soins en cas d’urgence – théorie; à 11h, exposé de notre équipe sur nos recherches aux Kerguelen; 14h-15h30: 1ers soins – ‘pratique’ (instructif). Dimanche 22/11 : navigation en eaux calmes, acrobaties des albatros (sourcils noirs et grand albatros), des pétrels et des damiers du Cap autour du bateau.

Lu 23/11: Port Christmas – Voici enfin la côte nord de Grande Terre, l’ile principale de l’archipel des Kerguelen. Débarquement en hélico de l’équipe TREKKER, qui va traverser l’ile du nord au sud (elle va rejoindre Port-aux-Français, le 17/12 : http://www.latitudes-nord.fr/carnets-et-photos/trekker-traversee-de-l-ile-de-kerguelen), et 1^ère plongée (depuis le zodiac du Marion Dufresne) pour deux membres de notre équipe, Thomas Saucède et Gilles Marty (T° de l’eau: 5°C) – au programme : relevé et remplacement des thermomètres et des placettes de colonisation ; les oursins ne seront pas au rendez-vous. Le bateau poursuit sa route vers le sud en longeant Grande Terre, encore une étape avant Port- aux-Français (PAF).

Arrivée à Port Christmas

Mise à l’eau du zodiac

Retour de plongée

Ma 24/11: Port Couvreux – Dans la brume se dessine sur la côte ce qui reste d’une ferme construite vers 1912 pour y élever des moutons, une entreprise qui périclitera après plusieurs rebondissements tragiques, les derniers habitants seront évacués en 1931 …

Du matériel est héliporté vers une des cabanes de Grande Terre; une quarantaine de cabanes y sont réparties; elles permettent aux scientifiques de rester plusieurs jours sur le terrain pour y effectuer des observations. Malheureusement pour nous, la plongée à Port Couvreux est annulée en raison des mauvaises conditions météo.

L’hélicoptère en action

Port Couvreux

Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen, le 25 novembre. Débarquement en hélicoptère, rotations hélico-bateau toutes les 5 min, cela va très vite, à peine le temps de réaliser qu’on est en vol … On atterrit, pas très loin de ‘nos’ premiers éléphants de mer! Transition rapide entre les 10 jours de mer et la terre ferme. Il y a beaucoup de vent et une jolie lumière qui joue avec les couleurs, des éléphants de mer omniprésents et notamment des bonbons (jeunes éléphants de mer dans le jargon local) et… des lapins qui gambadent une peu partout! Paysages à la végétation rase de toundra, où vert, jaune et ocre dominent mais leurs nuances varient sans arrêt avec la lumière changeante.

Les déchargements à partir de Marion Dufresne sont subitement interrompus, en cause, le vent (c’est peu dire, difficile de marcher!). Le chaland (‘L’Aventure II’) revient s’amarrer devant le port et l’hélicoptère retourne sur le pont du Marion. La mer moutonne et les rafales de vent en balaient la surface formant de larges bandes ridées bleues presque noires. Notre matériel est encore à bord. Le vent devrait mollir demain. C’est la météo qui dicte les activités, une règle incontournable ici. Pour patienter, nous avons installé notre labo dans le bâtiment BIOMAR qui héberge tous les scientifiques, et récupéré du matériel laissé par la mission PROTEKER de l’année dernière. La base de Port-aux-Français (PAF) est peuplée d’hivernants, de divers techniciens, de scientifiques de passage, …). La vie à PAF est organisée et confortable, avec ses codes et son langage … abréviations et surnoms avec lesquels il faut se familiariser. Je découvre que je suis une biolo (biologiste), qu’il y a un bib et un bibou (médecin et aide médecin), un pateux (boulanger) et des bouts de bois (menuisiers), que PAF est un village comportant outre les bâtiments de logements (L1, L2,… où les gens sont généralement regroupés par corps de métier), une bibliothèque, un restaurant (Tyker), un bar (Totoche), une salle de projection (cineker), des bâtiments techniques de toutes sortes (BT) notons que parmi ces derniers, il y a kerpou où se fait le tri des ordures (une bonne partie d’entre-elles sont rapatriées)

… Bientôt les premières plongées et les oursins! Affaire à suivre…

Vue aérienne de PAF (photo TAAF)

Le bâtiment Biomar

Premières récoltes à marée basse à PAF…

Et nos voisins …

Premières plongées … Premiers oursins !

A bord du zodiac Commerson (Ile Haute) – Photo J. Fournier

Relevé des placettes de colonisation- Photo E. Poulin

Ctenocidaris nutrix – Photo E. Poulin

Description du projet PROTEKER

http://www.proteker.net/?lang=fr

http://www.proteker.net/-PROTEKER-programme-IPEV-1044-.html?lang=en

L’équipe PROTEKER 2015 à bord du chaland, L’Aventure II
De gauche à droite : Gilles MARTY (TAAF), Chantal De Ridder (ULB), Thomas Saucède (uB), Salomé Fabri-Ruiz (uB, ULB) et Jérôme Fournier (CNRS MNHN)

L’équipe comporte aussi deux autres agents des TAAF indispensables: Romain Vergé, pilote du Commerson et Luc Baudot, son aide efficace !
De gauche à droite : Thomas Saucède (uB), Gilles MARTY (TAAF), Luc Baudot (TAAF), Chantal De Ridder (ULB), Romain Vergé (TAAF), au terme de la mission

Projet PROTEKER

Posted on December 8, 2015 by Bruno Danis

Le projet PROTEKER est un programme pilote qui a pour objectif de constituer une une ligne de base pour le suivi
et l’évaluation des changements climatiques attendus sur les écosystèmes marins côtiers des Kerguelen. Il doit permettre l’inventaire (observation, échantillonnage, systématique et analyses génétiques) et le suivi (instrumentation, observation, échantillonnage, analyses trophiques et isotopiques) de ces écosystèmes. Il a aussi pour ambition finale de fournir des critères scientifiques pour les politiques de protection et de conservation des environnements côtiers des Kerguelen. La première phase du projet (2011-2014) a permis de réunir toutes les anciennes données disponibles et de sélectionner et instrumenter des stations de référence pour la mise en oeuvre d’une seconde phase plus opérationnelle. Cette seconde phase consiste prioritairement en un suivi (relevé des instruments installés, observations et prélévements associés dans le cas des placettes de colonisation) des sites, en la cartographie des habitats benthiques associés (sonar, ROV et prélévements en plongée) et en un renforcement des mesures d’observations (instrumentation et caractérisations génétiques, trophiques et écologiques de taxons indicateurs). Les résultats attendus doivent permettre de produire des modèles de distribution des habitats et de la biodiversité marine côtière des Kerguelen ainsi que de leur sensibilité aux changements environnementaux attendus (analyses éco-physiologiques – pH, tempérautre – réalisées sur base à BIOMAR).

A review of the Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean

Posted on April 23, 2015 by Bruno Danis

A review of the Biogeographic Atlas was recently published by John Davenport in Antarctic Science.

Here are a few quotes from the article you can find online.

“The Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean is a milestone product of 21st century Antarctic Science. ”

“It is an excellent showcase of the value of modern scientific power combined with co-operative and altruistic endeavour. ”

On the other hand, the SCAR Newsletter just published a focus on the Biogeographic Atlas.

Back from the Sørfjord

Posted on April 9, 2015 by Bruno Danis

We’re just back from the Sørfjord, Norway, where we collected a series of samples to monitor the contamination status, and to carry out acidification experiments.

Our teams have been working in the Sørfjord since 1995. The fjord is located in South-West Norway and has two ore smelters at its head. The location is an exceptionally contaminated area, where discharges (Cd, Zn, Cu, Hg, Pb) from metallurgical industry have occurred for more than 80 years. During the mission, we collected sediments, starfish and sea urchins at sites close to each smelter (sites Sl and S2), further downstream (site S3) and outside of the contaminated fjord (site S4). We are now processing the samples to determine the levels of metals in various grain-size fractions from the sediments and different body compartments of the echinoderms.

The sea urchin we sampled in the fjord

In parallel, we have carried out a series of tests with our ROV, to ground-truth its usage in the field for habitat mapping and characterisation of benthic communities. This allows us to be ready for field work in harsh conditions in Antarctica, in the framework of the vERSO project.

A seastar (Asterias rubens), in the typical spawning posiiton, captured on the ROV’s screen.

We also brought back some organisms to the lab to test the influence of different pH on the loss kinetics of contaminants in starfish and on the acid-base physiology and energetics of sea urchins. Work in progress now…

Gathering the samples by scuba diving

Our Diving team: Antonio, Philippe and Bruno

Untangling the 225m tether before a deep dive wit the ROV

Helped by a local, as our van was stuck by the fjord. We paid with Belgian beer.

New paper in Advances in Polar Science

Posted on December 5, 2014 by Bruno Danis

A new paper by lead author Angelika Brandt was recently published in Advances in Polar Sciences. The paper addresses the main issues faced in the framework of deep-sea biodiversity monitoring:

Despite recent progress in deep-sea biodiversity assessments in the Southern Ocean (SO), there remain gaps in our knowledge that hamper efficient deep-sea monitoring in times of rapid climate change. These include geographical sampling bias, depth and size-dependent faunal gaps in biology, ecology, distribution, and phylogeography, and the evolution of SO species. The phenomena of species patchiness and rarity are still not well understood, possibly because of our limited understanding of physiological adaptations and thresholds. Even though some shallow water species have been investigated physiologically, community-scale studies on the effects of multiple stressors related to ongoing environmental change, including temperature rise, ocean acidification, and shifts in deposition of phytoplankton, are completely unknown for deep-sea organisms. Thus, the establishment of long-term and coordinated monitoring programs, such as those rapidly growing under the umbrella of the Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS) or the Deep Ocean Observing Strategy (DOOS), may represent unique tools for measuring the status and trends of deep-sea and SO ecosystems.

Citation: Brandt, A., Griffiths, H., Gutt, J., Linse, K., Ballerini, T., Danis, B., & Pfannkuche, O. (2014). Challenges of deep-sea biodiversity assessments in the Southern Ocean. Advances in Polar Sciences, 25(3), 204–212. doi:10.13679/j.advps.2014.3.00204

AMLR2014 expedition

Posted on September 8, 2014 by Bruno Danis

Philippe Pernet, from the Marine Biology Lab (ULB) is participating in the 2014 U.S. Antarctic Marine Living Resources (AMLR) Program onboard the RVIB Nathanial Palmer.

Find out more in the vERSO project’s expeditions section!

The SCAR Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean

Posted on August 25, 2014 by Bruno Danis

The SCAR Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean has been officially launched at the SCAR Open Science Conference in Auckland, New Zealand. The Marine Biology Lab of the ULB has been heavily involved in the effort, mainly in the edition, data mobilization and writing of the book.

You can download the first chapter of the Atlas as a preview.

Below is the press release, as prepared by the British Antarctic Survey.

The new Atlas, providing the most thorough audit of marine life in the Southern Ocean, is published this week by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Leading marine biologists and oceanographers from all over the world spent the last four years compiling everything they know about ocean species from microbes to whales.

It’s the first time that such an effort has been undertaken since 1969 when the American Society of Geography published its Antarctic Map Folio Series.

In an unprecedented international collaboration 147 scientists from 91 institutions across 22 countries (Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, the UK and the USA) combined their expertise and knowledge to produce the new Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean.

More than 9000 species are recorded, ranging from microbes to whales. Hundreds of thousands of records show the extent of scientific knowledge on the distribution of life in the Southern Ocean. In 66 chapters, the scientists examine the evolution, physical environment, genetics and possible impact of climate change on marine organisms in the region.

Chief editor, Claude De Broyer, of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, said:

“This is the first time that all the records of the unique Antarctic marine biodiversity, from the very beginnings of Antarctic exploration in the days of Captain Cook, have been compiled, analysed and mapped by the scientific community. It has resulted in a comprehensive atlas and an accessible database of useful information on the conservation of Antarctic marine life.”

The data, and expert opinions, in the Atlas will help inform conservation policy, including the debate over whether or not to establish marine protected areas in the open ocean. Sophisticated environmental models coupled with existing species distribution data provide a valuable outlook on the possible future distribution of key species as they adapt to climate change.

New advances in genetics have shed light on some of the best known species from the Antarctic sea floor. The giant isopod crustacean Glyptonotus antarcticus is one of those. The animal lives on the edge of the continent at depths of up to 600 metres. Previously considered to be a single species with a circumpolar distribution, molecular barcoding suggests it may, in reality, be a group with up to eleven species inhabiting much smaller geographic regions.

Author, and editor, Huw Griffiths, of the British Antarctic Survey, said:

“The book is unique and contains an amazing collection of information and photos. It’s been an enormous international effort and will serve as a legacy to the dedicated team of scientists who have contributed to it. The Atlas is a must-read for anyone interested in the animals living at the end of the Earth.”

The Atlas contains around 100 colour photos and 800 maps. It will be launched at the SCAR 2014 Open Science Conference in Auckland, New Zealand on Monday 25^th August.